Online Assignment -Projected Teaching Aids

             PROJECTED TEACHING AIDS

Submitted To                           Submitted By

  Veena S.R.                           Anagha Krishnan

Department of.                    S1 B.Ed English       

English                                 Kaviyattu College

                                               of Teacher                                                               Education .

                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                      

                         

                         TEACHING AIDS

     A Teaching aid is a tool used by teachers, facilitators or tutors to help learners improve reading and other skills, illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact, or idea and relieve anxiety, fears, or boredom since many teaching aids like games. 

     The Definition of teaching aid are the aids used by the facilitator to help him/her in facilitating his/her lesson effectively.

     Teaching aids are those things used by teachers in the classroom such as flash cards, maps, cassette and blackboard.

Characteristics of Good Teaching aids

• They should be meaningful and purposeful

• They should be accurate in every aspect

• They should be simple

• They should be cheap

• They should be improvised as for as possible

• They should be large enough to be properly seen by the students for whom they are meant

• They should b e up-to-date

• They should be easily portable

• They should be according to the mental level of students.

• They should motivate the learners

Advantages of Teaching aids

• Teaching aid helps in effective perceptual and conceptual learning.

• It is helpful in capturing and sustaining attention of students.

• It arouses interest and motivates students to learn.

• It is helpful in new learning method.

• It helps in saving energy and time for both the teacher and students.

• It provide near realistic experience.

• It can meet individual demands.

• It is useful for education of masses.

Classification of Teaching aids

On the basis of characteristic of the material used in the process of teaching aid classifications as mentioned below:

 Audio Aids

 Visual Aids

 Audio-Visual Aids

 Projected Aids

 Non-Projected Aids

      Audio Visual aids are important in education system.  Audio visual aids are those devices which are used in classroom to encourage teaching learning process and make it easier and interesting.  Audio-visual aids are best tool for making teaching effective and the best dissemination of knowledge.

      According to Edger Dale: Audio visual aids are those devices by the use of which communication of idea between persons and groups in various teaching and training situations is helped.  These are also termed as multi-sensory materials.

      There are various types of audio-visual materials ranging from filmstrips, microforms, slides, projected opaque materials, tape recording and flashcards.  In the current digital world, audio visual aids have grown exponentially with several multimedia such as educational DVDs, Power point, television educational series, You tube, and other online materials.  The goal of audio-visual aids is to enhance teacher’s ability to present the lesson in simple, effective and easy to understand for the students.  Audio-visual materials make learning more permanent since students use more than one sense.  It is important to create awareness for the state and federal ministry of education as policy makers in secondary school of the need to inculcate audio-visual resource as main teaching pedagogy in curricula.

Objectives of Using Audio Visual Aids

• To strengthen teachers skill in making teaching-learning process more effective

• To attract and retain learners attention

• To generate interest across different levels of students

• To develop lesson plans that are simple and easy to follow 

• To make class more interactive and interesting

• To focus on student-centered approach

Significance of Audio Visual Aids

• The use of audio visual aids in classroom teaching stimulates interest in pupils.  This leads to the wholehearted attention on the part of learner, which ultimately develop a linking for subject.

• Audio visual aids break the monotony of school routine and are always welcomed by pupils as a happy change in classroom.

• When audio visual aids are employed, the response of the class is always better.

• They make teaching matter lively and interesting

• It helps children to observe things in their most natural setting

• The visual aids are also found to be useful for the mass entertainment of an intellectual type.

• They also contribute to the growth of meaning and hence to vocabulary development.

• Audio visual instructions contribute to accurate thinking by furnishing some of the basic raw material for thought and it can fill the storehouse of memory with nonverbal experience.

• Visual materials can be particularly used to provide new experiences or to correct wrong impressions.

• Audio visual materials are time saving.  A small picture or diagram can explain things which require pages and pages of written words.

• The topics taught with the help of visual aids are comparatively easy to understand and therefore, they interest the children more than the mere description of anything through talk.

• A good visual perception helps attitude formation.  Classroom study situations based on concrete experiences can create a good understanding of subject.

     It is clear that audio visual aids are important tools for teaching learning process.  It helps the teacher to present the lesson effectively and students learn and retain the concepts better and for longer duration. Use of audio visual aids improves students critical and analytical thinking.  It helps to remove abstract concepts through visual presentation.  However, improper and unplanned use of these aids can have negative effect on the learning outcome.  Therefore, teachers should be well trained through in-service training to maximize the benefits of using these aids.

                          PROJECTED AIDS

Learning is the modification of behavior through experiences. The basic learning experience has to be received by the people through his experiences and senses, as they are the gateways to knowledge. Most of such experience enters through one’s eyes and ears. Materials that help to make learning experiences clear and vivid by appealing to these senses are called audio visual aids. The effective application of such aids is known as the audio visual technology.

    Audio visual aids may be classification to projected aids, non projected aids and activity aids. A projected aid is one in which item to be observed are projected on a screen using mechanical devices.  It means a bright light is passed through a transparent picture by means of a lens and an enlarged picture is thrown or projected on the screen or the white wall. These aids are found to be very effective because movement can be added to sound and hence a realistic experience can be provided. The various projected aids are:

 Film and film projector

 Slides and slide projector

 Film and film strip projector

 Epidiascope and episcope

 Over Head Projector (OHP)

 Television

 LCD Projector

 Computer

 Mobiles

 Tablets

1) Film and Film Projector

         They enrich learning by presenting a series or sequences of meaningful experiences involving motion. They can enlarge or reduce the actual size of objects to suit the need. They can transcend the barriers of time, complexity, and space and bring the past, present and probable future into the classroom. They give a sense of reality by enabling individuals to experience the outside world and make abstract and relationships concrete. Synchronizing the moving figures with sound makes the experience realistic and lively.

2)Film straps and Film strip Projectors

           A filmstrip is a piece of non-inflammable safety film, 35 mm wide. Its length may vary according to requirement and can be up to about one meter. One such strip may contain 10 to 50 picture frames. These pictures may constitute a connected series of drawings, photographs, diagrams or a combination of these and illustrate a single sequence, theme or incident. The picture may be in colour or in black and white. The filmstrips are projected by a filmstrip projector. Projecting filmstrips especially along with record commentary provide realistic and effective experience regarding a situation observed.

3)Over Head Projectors (OHP)

    This is called overhead projector because it projects the image behind and over the head of the teacher. In overhead projection a transparent visual is placed on a horizontal platform platform at the top of the light source. The passes through the transparency and then is reflected at an angle on to the screen placed at the back of the teacher. The enlarged image will be much more effective. Moreover as the slide can be got ready earlier, time can be saved. The written matter will then get projected on the screen.

4) Television

  Television also can be considered as a projected aid. But projection is made at a central place, the T.V station. It is a very exciting and efficient means of mass communication. Educational television programmer aim at education rather than entertainment. These programmes can compensate for the scarcity of qualified teacher and lack of well equipped laboratories. A teacher or specialist can render teaching sessions and pass information to millions of viewers all over the world. Since the programmes are announced in advance, the institution can prepare the pupils to closely attend the telecast. Television can provide a variety of interesting learning experiences.

5)Slides and Slide Projector

     Any picture or diagramed which will take a long time to be drawn on black board in the course of a class period can be developed as a slide. This can be got enlarged by projecting it on a screen with a slide projector.

    Slide projector I s an instrument equipped with a powerful light source and a carrier for holding slides of suitable size. The projector can also be operated and focused by remote controls. This aid is not only time saving but also helpful to add to the impression of the learning experience.

6) The Opaque projector

    Opaque projector is the only projector on which you cab project a variety of materials such as book pages, objects, coins, postcards, or any other similar flat material that is non-transparent.

     The opaque projector will project and simultaneously enlarge, directly from the originals, printed matter, all inds of written or pictorial matter in any sequence derived by the teacher.  It requires a dark room, as projector is large and not reality movables.

7)Episcope and Epidiascope

     Episcope is used for projection of opaque objects. The principle of reflected projection is used in these pictures, photographs, drawings or any opaque material within the size of the platform of the episcope can be projected using this instrument.

          Epidiascope can project opaque as well as transparent objects. It is actually a combination of episcope and diascope. It is a sort of improved diascope. With the epidiascope, in the epi-position, flat opaque objects can be projected.

8)LCD Projector

      LCD projector is the most advanced and sophisticated projecting aid. It is used to present a topic in the classroom or in front of a large audience. We can demonstrate the real world situation and its simulation in the classroom in a theatre-like atmosphere. In the area of educational technology, we can replace all other projected and non projected aids with only a single LCD projector and a computer system. We can present a topic by using computer made slides, graphics, pictures, video clips, movies and special effects. We can bring the real world situation into the classroom by way of movies and multimedia effects.

     

Conclusion

     Projected aids supply a concrete basis for conceptual thinking and hence, reduce meaningless word response of students and helpful in attracting attention which is the true factor in any process of teaching and learning.  Projected aids are very useful for teaching process,  these are great tools to catch the attention of the audience.  It is important to use variety of teaching methods for students with varying preferences and an AV aid should also not distract a student from learning experiences.  

     Learning is the modification of behavior through experiences.  The basic learning experiences has to be received by the people through séances, as they are gateway to knowledge.  The application of projected aids in day to day life makes education more permanent.  Develop continuity of thought; this is especially true of motion pictures.  They provide experience not easily obtained true to other materials and contribute to the efficiency, depth and variety of learning.

Reference

1) Sure success series by PN Publications

2) http://journalppw.com

3) http://www.slideshare.net

4) https://www.egyankosh.ac